The twin slogans "Make America Great Again" and "America First" are the defining political rhetoric of the current era. This analysis maps those slogans against historical fact, economic data, and the lived experience of average American citizens. The core findings: the grievances that animate these movements are substantially real — rooted in genuine deindustrialization and political neglect of working-class communities over four decades. However, the proposed remedies — broad tariff regimes, immigration contraction, and withdrawal from multilateral institutions — have measurably increased costs for most American households in 2025 while failing to restore conditions that produced mid-20th-century working-class prosperity. Historical evidence across 200 years of US trade policy, spanning both Republican and Democratic administrations, consistently finds that broad protectionism raises consumer costs, invites retaliation against America's most competitive export sectors, and fails to revive targeted industries. A research-justified path forward distinguishes sharply between strategic sectoral protection — which has historical support — and broad universal tariffs, which do not.